On April 10–12, 1965, a devastating severe weather event, known as the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, affected the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. The outbreak produced at least 55 confirmed tornadoes, 18 of which were retrospectively considered to be violent on the Fujita scale. Only the 1974 Super Outbreak featured a larger number of F4–F5 tornadoes. At least three of the 18 F4s recorded during the 1965 outbreak—near Dunlap, Indiana, Lebanon–Sheridan, Indiana, and Pittsfield–Strongsville, Ohio, respectively—may have reached F5-level intensity. The outbreak was one of three major tornado outbreaks to coincide with the Christian holy day Palm Sunday, the others having occurred in 1920 and 1994.
Confirmed tornadoes
April 10 event
April 11 event
April 12 event
See also
- Lists of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1956 – Produced a powerful F5 tornado family in Michigan
- 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – Generated deadly F4 tornadoes in the Great Lakes region
- 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – Yielded long-tracked, intense tornadoes from Alabama to the Carolinas
- 1974 Super Outbreak – Associated with numerous violent tornadoes across much of Indiana and Greater Cincinnati
Notes
References
Sources
- Bontranger, Timothy E. (2005). The Palm Sunday Tornado. Instantpublisher.com. ISBN 978-1591969648.
- Cherry, Dan (2002). Night of the Wind: The Palm Sunday Tornado of April 11, 1965 (Report). Adrian, Michigan: Lenawee County Historical Society.
- Clem, Dale (1997). Winds of fury, circles of grace: life after the Palm Sunday tornadoes. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press. ISBN 0-687-01795-5.
- E. S. Epstein; G. A. Petersen; H. Lieb; J. Davies; V. Oliver; J. Purdom; P. Dales (December 1974). "Production". The Widespread Tornado Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974: A Report to the Administrator (PDF). NWS Service Assessments (Report). Natural Disaster Survey Report. Rockville, Maryland: United States Department of Commerce. p. 18. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
...warning offices issued 'blanket' warnings because they knew severe storms were in the area, although they did not know the exact location, extent, and movement of the storms.
- Fujita, T. T.; Bradbury, D. L.; Thullenar, C. L. (January 1970). "Palm Sunday tornadoes of April 11, 1965". Monthly Weather Review. 98 (1): 30–1. Bibcode:1970MWRv...98...29F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0029:PSTOA>2.3.CO;2.
- Fujita, T. Theodore (February 1971). Proposed Characterization of Tornadoes and Hurricanes by Area and Intensity. Texas Tech University Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library (Report). Satellite and Mesometeorology Research Project Research Paper No. 91. hdl:10605/261875.
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001a). The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3538-0.
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001b). F5-F6 Tornadoes. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films.
- P. H. Kutschenreuter; R. Fox (1965). "Annex 2". Report of Palm Sunday tornadoes of 1965 (PDF). NWS Service Assessments (Report). Natural Disaster Survey Report. Washington, D.C.: National Weather Service. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
- National Weather Service (April 1965). "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data. 7 (4). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center.
- National Weather Service (April 1965). Storm Data Publication (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information – via Storm Events Database.
- Neal, Lott; Sam McCown; Tom Ross (August 2000) [1999]. 1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology (PDF) (Technical report). National Climatic Data Center Technical Report. Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. 99-02.
- King, Marshall (April 10, 2005). "One for the books". Elkhart Truth. Elkhart, Indiana.
- Pickenpaugh, Roger (2003). The Night of the Wicked Winds: the 1965 Palm Sunday tornadoes in Ohio. Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press. ISBN 0-9709059-3-9.
- Wagler, David (1966). The Mighty Whirlwind. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Publishing Corporation. LCCN 67112646.



